It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? . Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. He had allowed himself but a single night from eve to morn to prepare for a critical and crowning occasion. . . This leads, sir, to the real and wide difference, in political opinion, between the honorable gentleman and myself. She has a BA in political science. . Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. One of the most storied match-ups in Senate history, the 1830 Webster-Hayne debate began with a beef between Northeast states and Western states over a plan to restrict . Who doesn't? . But the gentleman apprehends that this will make the Union a rope of sand. Sir, I have shown that it is a power indispensably necessary to the preservation of the constitutional rights of the states, and of the people. Gloomy and downcast of late, Massachusetts men walked the avenue as though the fife and drum were before them. When, however, the gentleman proceeded to contrast the state of Ohio with Kentucky, to the disadvantage of the latter, I listened to him with regret. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. And what has been the consequence? He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you . We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. . Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. Sir, I should fear the rebuke of no intelligent gentleman of Kentucky, were I to ask whether, if such an ordinance could have been applied to his own state, while it yet was a wilderness, and before Boone had passed the gap of the Alleghany, he does not suppose it would have contributed to the ultimate greatness of that commonwealth? While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? On this subject, as in all others, we ask nothing of our Northern brethren but to let us alone; leave us to the undisturbed management of our domestic concerns, and the direction of our own industry, and we will ask no more. Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster's "Second Reply" to South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne has long been thought of as a great oratorical celebration of American Nationalism in a period of sectional conflict. . Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 . Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? . What was going on? . It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. . Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? . . . Even the revenue system of this country, by which the whole of our pecuniary resources are derived from indirect taxation, from duties upon imports, has done much to weaken the responsibility of our federal rulers to the people, and has made them, in some measure, careless of their rights, and regardless of the high trust committed to their care. . Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. . So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. . Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. If this Constitution, sir, be the creature of state Legislatures, it must be admitted that it has obtained a strange control over the volitions of its creators. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. . Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. Why? Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. . Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. They will also better understand the debate's political context. What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. . This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. . . Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . Webster-Hayne Debate. Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio. . I am a Unionist, and in this sense a national Republican. . Available in hard copy and for download. But still, throughout American history, several debates have captured the nation's attention in a way that would make even Hollywood jealous. If I had, sir, the powers of a magician, and could, by a wave of my hand, convert this capital into gold for such a purpose, I would not do it. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. The Confederation was, in strictness, a compact; the states, as states, were parties to it. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. We will not look back to inquire whether our fathers were guiltless in introducing slaves into this country. Sir, an immense national treasury would be a fund for corruption. The people of the United States cherish a devotion to the Union, so pure, so ardent, that nothing short of intolerable oppression, can ever tempt them to do anything that may possibly endanger it. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. I feel like its a lifeline. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. . But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. But, sir, the gentleman is mistaken. Will it promote the welfare of the United States to have at our disposal a permanent treasury, not drawn from the pockets of the people, but to be derived from a source independent of them? That's what was happening out West. I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. The growing support for nullification was quite obvious during the days of the Jackson Administration, as events such as the Webster-Hayne Debate, Tariff of 1832, Order of Nullification, and Worcester v. Georgia all made the tension grow between the North and the South. I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. . But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North). . He joined Hayne in using this opportunity to try to detach the West from the East, and restore the old cooperation of the West and the South against New England. It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. Far, indeed, in my wishes, very far distant be the day, when our associated and fraternal stripes shall be severed asunder, and when that happy constellation under which we have risen to so much renown, shall be broken up, and be seen sinking, star after star, into obscurity and night! Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. . . Whose agent is it? . This is the true constitutional consolidation. But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. If the gentleman provokes the war, he shall have war. . I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. . It is observable enough, that the doctrine for which the honorable gentleman contends, leads him to the necessity of maintaining, not only that this general government is the creature of the states, but that it is the creature of each of the states severally; so that each may assert the power, for itself, of determining whether it acts within the limits of its authority. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. The gentleman insists that the states have no right to decide whether the constitution has been violated by acts of Congress or not,but that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent of its own powers; and that in case of a violation of the constitution, however deliberate, palpable and dangerous, a state has no constitutional redress, except where the matter can be brought before the Supreme Court, whose decision must be final and conclusive on the subject. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). The arena selected for a first impression was the Senate, where the arch-heretic himself presided and guided the onset with his eye. Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. In all the efforts that have been made by South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has extended over them, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserveda firm, manly, and steady resistance against usurpation. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. . It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. . It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830.Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. . . Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. . a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question . Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? By the time it ended nine days later, the focus had shifted to the vastly more cosmic concerns of slavery and the nature of the federal Union. Ham, one of Noahs sons, saw him uncovered, for which Noah cursed him by making Hams son, Canaan, a slave to Ham's brothers. . . It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). Every scheme or contrivance by which rulers are able to procure the command of money by means unknown to, unseen or unfelt by, the people, destroys this security. The excited crowd which had packed the Senate chamber, filling every seat on the floor and in the galleries, and all the available standing room, dispersed after the orator's last grand apostrophe had died away in the air, with national pride throbbing at the heart.
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