a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

When relationships are presented visually, they often are much easier to understand. For this instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes learning. Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. They can explore areas that interest them and discover more about a subject on their own. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Applicants must be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance. It is used for study, training, or testing in place of the real object, which is too costly or too dangerous, or which is impossible to obtain. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. Distance learning also may be defined as a system and process that connects students with resources for learning. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. A complete outline tends to distract students and makes a logical presentation difficult. research. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by June 14, 2022 June 14, 2022 Normally, students should not be asked to discuss a subject without some background in that subject, The techniques used to guide a discussion require practice and experience. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. It can be used during classroom periods and preflight and postflight briefings. The discussions reflect whatever level of knowledge and experience the students have gained, The goal of guided discussions is to draw out what the students know. In most cases, the objective is listed along with sufficient conditions to describe the scope of the objective. Frequently, good organization and natural patterns of logic dictate the sequence. Learning is best achieved if students participate actively in a friendly, relaxed atmosphere, Therefore, the use of the informal lecture is encouraged. Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. Such syllabi not only present the course of training in a logical step-by-step, building block sequence, they contain provisions to remind both students and instructors of critical regulatory training benchmarks which are approaching. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. In the opening scenario, students performed a task (weight and balance computation) as a group, and prior to terminating the performance phase, they were allowed to independently complete the task at least once with supervision and coaching as necessary, In this phase, the instructor judges student performance. Sequencing can be emphasized and made clearer by the use of contrasting colors, The effectiveness of aids and the ease of their preparation can be increased by initially planning them in rough draft form. Then, allow students time to practice each step, so they can increase their ability to perform the skill. Normally, aviation training aspires to a level of learning at the application level or higher, Standards are closely tied to objectives since they include a description of the desired knowledge, behavior, or skill stated in specific terms, along with conditions and criteria. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. Next, explain and demonstrate the steps involved in performing the skill being taught. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. Open-ended questions of the type used in guided discussion lend themselves readily to concepts of risk management and ADM. Experienced CFIs have been using scenarios that require dynamic problem solving to teach cross-country operations, emergency procedures, and other flight skills for years. In order to present the lesson on weight and balance, Bob has taken the theoretical information presented in previous chaptersconcepts and principles pertinent to human behavior, how people learn, and effective communicationinto the classroom. In general, if a two-dimensional representation will satisfy the instructors requirement, it should be used, Test preparation material applies to an array of paper, video, and computer software products that are designed by commercial publishers to help student applicants prepare for FAA tests. A participant lacking SBT instruction must search his or her memory to link a maneuver to a situation, The incorporation of SBT as part of the lesson is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, as well as in Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, Decision-based objectives are designed specifically to develop pilot judgment and ADM skills. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). They are easy to construct and can be produced in the same manner as pictures. In aviation, the term "training syllabus" is commonly used and in this context it is a step-by-step, building block progression of learning with provisions for regular review and assessments at prescribed stages of learning. This is the lead-off question and its purpose is to get the discussion started. Aids that involve learning a physical skill should guide students toward mastery of the skill or task specified in the lesson objective, Instructional aids have no value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen. In addition to its uses as a summary and transitional device, the interim summary may also be used to keep the group on the subject or to divert the discussion to another member, A guided discussion is closed by summarizing the material covered. The introduction should include an attention element, a motivation element, and an overview of key points. However, once they are learned, they are integrated into more realistic and dynamic flight situations, Decision-based objectives are also important for the aviation instructor planning AMT training. At the same time, it must be realized that a formal lecture is still to be preferred on some subjects and occasions, such as lectures introducing new subject matter, The instructor can achieve active student participation in the informal lecture through the use of questions. A clear, concise presentation of the objective and the key ideas gives the students a road map of the route to be followed. how to chair a board meeting script. While this is the most widely used form of presentation and instructors should know how to develop and present a lecture, they also should understand the advantages and limitations of this method, Lectures are used for introduction of new subjects, summarizing ideas, showing relationships between theory and practice, and reemphasizing main points. Similarly, the instructor can prepare the prediscussion assignment more effectively while conducting research for the classroom period. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. As such, they serve as guides or resource experts and circulate among students who are working individually or in small groups. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Even though most aircraft are equipped with some sort of navigational system, instructors should teach students the basics of navigation. Students learn from the beginning how to perform the maneuver or procedure and also become familiar with the performance criteria. A curriculum for a pilot school usually includes courses for the various pilot certificates and ratings, while the curriculum for an aviation maintenance technician (AMT) addresses the subject areas described in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 147. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. This handbook is a compilation of that research and is designed to help aviation instructors become experts in the field of education, Effective instructors have a sincere interest in learning and professional growth. Flight instructors in particular must be aware of this problem since students often do a lot of their practice without an instructor. To be a teacher implies one has completed some type of formal training, has specialized knowledge, has been certified or validated in some way, and adheres to a set of standards of performance. Refer to Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, for detailed information on requirements for an aviation training syllabus and the building-block concept for curriculum development, The main concern of the instructor is usually the more manageable task of organizing a block of training with integrated lesson plans. Likewise, military pilots use flight training devices or flight simulators to prepare for flying aircraft, such as the A-10, for which there are no two-seat training versions. Despite enormous potential, VR, in its current stage of development, has drawbacks. Recordings of sounds and speeches should be tested for correct volume and quality in the actual environment in which they will be used. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. As stimuli are received, the individuals sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the routine or less significant bits. For these reasons, it is likely to hold the interest of the students, An instructor who is thoroughly prepared or who has made the presentation before can usually speak effectively without notes. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. The instructor should remember that the more intense the discussion and the greater the participation, the more effective the learning. The conclusion consists of the summary of the main points. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. The terrain is flat farmland with no published obstacles, What will he do now? For example, consider a video presentation given during the weight and balance lecture. Consequently, it is more commonly used in lecturing than in guided discussion, The instructor who wants to phrase a question for followup purposes may choose the overhead type. Carefully selected charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples of items that help the student understand, as well as retain, essential information, Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. A game gives the learner a stake in the outcome by putting the learner into the shoes of a character (role playing) who needs to overcome a real world scenario. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. The goal might be a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree. The group task may emphasize academic achievement, cognitive abilities, or physical skills, but the instructor must use clear and specific learning objectives to describe the knowledge and/or abilities the students are to acquire and then demonstrate on their own. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. This critique helps the instructor judge the adequacy of supporting materials and visual aids, as well as the presentation. Organizing a lesson so the students grasp the logical relationships of ideas is not an easy task, but it is necessary if the students are to learn and remember what they have learned. objective of each period of instruction. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. A well-planned lesson means the instructor is also practicing time management skills and ensures the time allocated for the lesson is well used. As training becomes more detailed and complex, instructor-oriented materials can be a valuable instructional aid for aviation instructors. Consider the continued expansion of technical terminology in everyday usage. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. Careful preparation is one key to successful performance as a classroom lecturer. The demonstration-performance method is divided into five phases: Explanations must be clear, pertinent to the objectives of the particular lesson to be presented, and based on the known experience and knowledge of the students. A syllabus is a summary or outline of a course of study that generally contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. It is a widely accepted belief in the aviation community that test items included as part of a test or evaluation should be both content valid and criterion valid. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. This concept has led to the adoption of scenario-based training (SBT) in many fields, including aviation. The first of these phases is the students performance of the physical or mental skills that have been explained and demonstrated. [Figure 4-8], In the teaching lecture, simple rather than complex words should be used whenever possible. The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. This permits effective sorting or categorizing chunks of information in the working or short-term memory. Leadoff questions should usually begin with how or why. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. Often, instructors must improvise and adapt to the existing circumstances in order to incorporate quality instructional aids, Some of the most common and economical aids are chalk or marker boards, and supplemental print materials, including charts, diagrams, and graphs. Before using a global positioning system (GPS) as the sole means of navigation, students should be taught the basics, Under each main point in a lesson, the subordinate points should lead naturally from one to another. All members of the group should follow the discussion. For example, the instructors voice, printed text, video cassettes, interactive computer programs, part-task trainers, flight training devices, or flight simulators, and numerous other types of training devices are considered training media, In school settings, instructors may become involved in the selection and preparation of instructional aids, but they often are already in place. The PTS also has specific criteria or standards upon which to grade performance; however, the criteria may not always be specific enough for a particular lesson. The scale model represents an exact reproduction of the original, while simplified models do not represent reality in all details. Since each teaching situation is unique, the setting and purpose of the lesson determines which teaching method is used, Todays instructor can choose from a wealth of ways to present instructional material: lecture, discussion, guided discussion, problem based, group learning, demonstrationperformance, or e-learning. Improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents, and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft. New ideas should not be introduced in the conclusion because at this point they are likely to confuse the students, By organizing the lesson material into a logical format, the instructor maximizes the opportunity for students to retain the desired information. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. Lectures also can usefully and successfully supplement other teaching devices and methods. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. For example, the instructor in the opening scenario is an aviation maintenance SME, Effective instructors are not only knowledgeable about aviation, they are also knowledgeable about teaching. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aviation Instructors Handbook (4-1) The Teaching Process, Teaching methods will depend on the teaching style of the instructor and the learning style of the student, By using a combination of teaching methods (lecture, group learning, and discussion) and instructional aids (audio/visual and handouts), Bob achieves his instructional objective, which is for the students to learn how to compute weight and balance. The objective formulated in the last few paragraphs, for instance, is a well-defined lesson objective from the task, Pilotage and Dead Reckoning, in the Private Pilot PTS, PTS hold an important position in aviation training curricula because they supply the instructor with specific performance objectives based on the standards that must be met for the issuance of a particular aviation certificate or rating. He or she maintains currency in the subject matter being taught, as well as how to teach it by reading professional journals and other aviation publications, many of which can be viewed or purchased via the Internet, another source of valuable aviation information for professional instructors, As students advance, consider having them teach a topic to the instructor, to demonstrate their understanding and force them to dig deep into the details. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. Suspendisse ultrices hendrerit a vitae vel a sodales. The instructor should try to make the students feel that their ideas and active participation are wanted and needed, The instructor opens the discussion by asking one of the prepared lead-off questions. The instructors tools are teaching methods. An interim summary reinforces learning in relation to a specific learning outcome. [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL). End users of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. An important factor is chart format. under: depths of fear story explained; taidnapam park fishing; what state has the worst soil; unghia incarnita gentalyn beta; Many of these items are suitable for long-term use on bulletin boards and in briefing areas. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. An effective instructor never stops learning. As discussed in Chapter 1, Human Behavior, the average age of aviation students is 34 years old. It should be noted that PTS and O&P standards are limited to the most critical job tasks. An effective instructor uses a combination of teaching methods as well as instructional aids to achieve this goal. If writing has been previously prepared, it should be covered and then revealed one step at a time, If necessary, use a ruler, compass, or other devices in making drawings, Use the upper part of the board. The main concern is to gain the attention of everyone and concentrate on the subject. How will this installation affect the weight and balance of the aircraft? The rhetorical question is similar in nature, because it also spurs group thought. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. For example, the subsystems within a physical unit are relatively easy to relate to each other through the use of schematics or diagrams. Indications from the studies vary greatlyfrom modest results, which show a 10 to 15 percent increase in retention, to more optimistic results in which retention is increased by as much as 80 percent.

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