Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Ex. quizlet It gave native born blacks citizenship. They gave land to the railroads. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. What was the Freedmen's Bureau? Chapter 4.4: Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. still conservative Republicans. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. (113M Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and many became sharecroppers. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. pF{:RTV Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. 0. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Removing #book# Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. 2. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. evaluating reconstruction quizlet Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. The Radical. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? Johnson's policies. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p endstream endobj startxref Did Congress like the 10% Plan? was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. and any corresponding bookmarks? (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' B 9. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. The Aftermath of Reconstruction Sharecropping. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. Did it accomplish anything? WebWhat is Reconstruction? This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Much of the South lay in ruins with Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. A Short Overview of the Reconstruction Era and Ulysses S. Grant's Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Previous It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that for freed slaves. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Reconstruction Quiz What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Chapter 16 Review Quiz | American History Quiz - Quizizz WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG Failure of Reconstruction (video) | Khan Academy answer choices True False Question 19 30 seconds Q. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. The Aftermath After American Civil War: The Result of What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives acts as a grand jury in impeachment cases and determines whether there is enough evidence to bring an official to trial. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind."