why was henry vii called the winter king why was henry vii called the winter king

The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! [citation needed] The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts ||sitemap_index.xml Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. Henry VII of England - Wikipedia Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. I really enjoyed it. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! I couldn't even stay awake reading this. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. Why was Henry VII called the "Winter King"? - Quora His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Henry VIII - Tudor History With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? Pembroke Castle, birthplace of Henry VII [ JKMMX ] [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ]. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. 'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. An easy read? After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. [52] He also concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland (the first treaty between England and Scotland for almost two centuries), which betrothed his daughter Margaret Tudor to King James IV of Scotland. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. It was no easy feat. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. [2] His father died three months before his birth. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Henry VII: The Winter King. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . 4. Early life Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. "King Henry VII" redirects here. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. Backdating Henry's Reign. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. The union was both symbolic and necessary. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Happy St Davids Day! Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Watch with Prime Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Corrections? For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henrys sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death.