Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. Olsen, J. P. (2013). descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. . Youve probably heard readers make that comment. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. (1999). (2014). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Conducting a thorough survey relies on two things: willing participants and accurate data. (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. Creating a list that details both sides of the argument makes it easier to visualize the potential impact of your decision. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. The descriptive representation of gender: An anti-essentialist argument. Towards a European union gender equality index. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. For discussions of gender quotas in corporate boards, see, for example, Engelstad and Teigen (2012). The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio Conclusion. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. (1996). Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. 12 Proportional Representation Pros and Cons - Vittana.org Guinier, L. (1994). It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. 1. The results show that descriptive representation contributes to substantive representation, even if the costs of participating outweigh the electoral benefits. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. therefore, it is used by various industries Enter your library card number to sign in. Towards a European union gender equality index. In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). "American Government", OpenStax, OpenStax; Rice University. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The NWPC was formed by Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and other leading feminists to encourage womens participation in political parties, elect women to office, and raise money for their campaigns. Culture and equality: An egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. Advantages of Descriptive Research. Weldon, L. S. (2002). The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log Kymlicka, W. (1993). PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. New York: Routledge. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. Descriptive Representation, Legislative Leadership, and Direct - JSTOR Highlight the major advantages and disadvantages of the product, process, strategy, idea, etc. Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. Nussbaum, M. (1999). that is one example, One of their most vital discoveries was that distinction in wrongdoing rates crosswise over territories did not change with changes in the populace yet remained steady crosswise over time. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. In our current system, voters are given one vote to . A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Surprising as it may seem, some teachers don't think grades are a useful tool. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? Sex and social justice. Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. Quantitative Methodology. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. These descriptive The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. (2001). nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads data sets are independent of each other most widely used method of data representation. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. $\endgroup . Strengths & Weaknesses of Descriptive Research - Synonym Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. so that you can track your progress. Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, Peter, F. (2011). From Your Site Articles Because Of Modern Feminism Disney Princess Gender Roles Are . The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. Many advances in womens rights have been the result of womens greater engagement in politics and representation in the halls of government, especially since the founding of the National Organization for Women in 1966 and the National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC) in 1971. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero 23 Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research Saskatchewan Schools; Research Methods in Psychology; Dr. Mark Burgess and Dr. Stephen Kemp. People still have a voice. Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Phillips, A. Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Representing Diversity. While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Representatives. Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. This process allows you to understand that specific set of observations. PR potentially offers greater and more-representative choice for voters. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. New York: Free Press. 4. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. Explaining Ethnic Minority Preferences in Bulgarian Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Politics at the Intersection: A Cross-National Analysis of Minority Women's Legislative Representation, Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence, Womens Representation via Parliamentary Questions (with Sven Schiltz), Regendering party politics: An introduction, Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation, THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION IN AUSTRALIA, Voting Locally Abstaining Nationally: Descriptive Representation, Substantive Representation and Minority Voters Turnout, Activating Human Rights and Peace: Universal Responsibility Conference 2008 Conference Proceedings, Personal Attributes and Latino Voting Behavior in Congress, Between Science and Engineering: Reflections on the APSA Presidential Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance. This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. Main Research Question. Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation pp 87110Cite as, Part of the Citizenship, Gender and Diversity book series (FEMCIT). We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Feminizing politics. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. Evidence from Romania. 17 Advantages and Disadvantages of Experimental Research - ConnectUS Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. It is an Efficient Form of Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Voet, R. (1992). 9. For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. blurted this. Goodin highlights that legislatures and governments need not include all groups and subgroups in society to represent the fact of diversity. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Voice, trust, and memory: Marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs.